Course Pre-requisite:
Applicants must have completed a 3-Day CBIA Introductory Human Movement Course or an NDTA equivalent Course. Applicants must submit a photocopy of their pre-requisite course certificate with their application.

  Course Description:
This course is an introductory level course to expose the course participant to the treatment and management of the hemiplegic upper limb based on the principles of the Contemporary Bobath Concept and an understanding of human movement. The course will consist of lectures, patient demonstrations and practical sessions. The following topics will be explored and discussed: -Musculoskeletal review of the shoulder girdle and upper limb with respect to hemiplegia -The painful hemiplegic shoulder; causes and intervention -Neural control of upper limb function -Plasticity and expectations for functional recovery of the upper limb -Critical review of the current research findings with respect to upper limb recovery and treatment following stroke.

  Course Objectives:
The Course participant will gain an understanding of: -The relationship between musculoskeletal alignment and movement control. -The role of sensation and motor control of the hemiplegic upper limb. -The relationship between plasticity and functional recovery of the upper limb.

  Course Pre-reading List:
Treatment and Management of the Hemiplegic Shoulder and Upper Limb The Bobath Concept RECOMMENDED PREREADING We recommend you bring an anatomy book with you showing pictures of muscles of the upper limb. If you have the time it would be good to review anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder girdle and upper limb before the commencement of the course The following is a list of suggested readings to facilitate discussion and learning opportunities with respect to the formal lectures on this introductory upper limb course. If short of time, try to read articles with (*) Additional references will be made available during the course Aruin, A. S. (2006). "The effect of asymmetry of posture on anticipatory postural adjustments." Neurosci Lett 401(1-2): 150-3. Barker, R. N. and S. G. Brauer (2005). "Upper limb recovery after stroke: the stroke survivors' perspective." Disabil Rehabil 27(20): 1213-23. *Castiello, U. (2005). "The Neuroscience of Grasping." Nature Reviews Neuroscience 6(9): 726-736. Dean, C. M. and R. B. Shepherd (1997). "Task-Related Training Improves Performance of Seated Reaching Tasks After Stroke : A Randomized Controlled Trial." Stroke 28(4): 722-728. Eng J, McCrea P, Hodgson A. Biomechanics of reaching: clinical implications for individuals with acquired brain injury. Disability and Rehabilitation 2002;24(10):534-541. Gruneberg, C., B. R. Bloem, et al. (2004). "The influence of artificially increased hip and trunk stiffness on balance control in man." Experimental Brain Research 157(4): 472-485. *Graziano MS, Taylor CS, Moore T, Cooke DF. The Cortical Control of Movement Revisited. Neuron 2002;36:349-362. Luke, C., K. J. Dodd, et al. (2004). "Outcomes of the Bobath concept on upper limb recovery following stroke." Clin Rehabil 18(8): 888-98. *Michaelsen, S. M., R. Dannenbaum, et al. (2006). "Task-specific training with trunk restraint on arm recovery in stroke: randomized control trial." Stroke 37(1): 186-92. Moseley, G. L., P. W. Hodges, et al. (2003). "External perturbation of the trunk in standing humans differentially activates components of the medial back muscles." J Physiol 547(2): 581-587. Raine, S. (2006). "Defining the Bobath concept using the Delphi technique." Physiother Res Int11(1): 4-13. Thielman, G. T., C. M. Dean, et al. (2004). "Rehabilitation of reaching after stroke: Task-related training versus progressive resistive exercise ,." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 85(10): 1613-1618. Zehr P. Neural control of rhytthmic human movement: The common core hypothesis. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2005;33(1):54-60.